Roots of the Environmental Movement

This fiche summarises the key reference points of the chapter for the written exam and the oral exam.

Sub-theme	Key notions to mobilise
Founders of the movement	John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, Theodore Roosevelt
Resource management	hydraulic fracturing, the Colorado River, marine resources
Soil overexploitation	extensive agriculture, the Dust Bowl, rural nostalgia

Presenting a historical debate: this debate opposed... and..., their disagreement centred on...
Nuancing resource management: while this approach boosts production, it also raises concerns about...
Concluding: this legacy still shapes debates today about...

Historical roots: the environmental movement is rooted in indigenous traditions and founding nineteenth- and twentieth-century debates.
Resource management: remains a major challenge, between economic exploitation and sustainable preservation.