Contested Territories, Claimed Identities

This fiche summarises the key reference points of the chapter for the written exam and the oral exam.

Sub-theme	Key notions to mobilise
Territorial exclusion	reserve, retrocession, Africanisation
Reconciliation	official apology, restitution, truth and reconciliation commission
Devolution and separatism	self-determination referendum, residual powers

Describing an institutional process: powers were devolved to..., a referendum was held on...
Nuancing reconciliation: while the apology was welcomed, some argue that...
Concluding: this raises the question of how far reconciliation can go without...

Exclusion and retrocession: have marked the territorial history of several English-speaking countries.
Reconciliation and devolution: two institutional responses to identity claims, with contrasting results.